?????? ???렼/title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ru"> <div id="google_translate_element"></div><script type="text/javascript"> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'ru'}, 'google_translate_element'); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> <p>©hoo$e ЛÄнgიAge©///₾ÄngიAge® Ekohomei©Å TÅLKiNg ი.ბ.м.ლ.</p><p><A HREF="http://geo.rf.gd">geo.rf.gd</A><BR><p/></head> <body><button id=play></button> <button id=pause></button> <button id=stop></button></div> <div align="center"> <table border="0" width="700" id="table1" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td> <h3 ALIGN="CENTER">?????? ???렼/h3> <h4 ALIGN="CENTER"><em>??-??? ? ????????? ??༯em></h4> <p> ????? ?????? ????⍊????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????஠ ????謠?荊?????????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??렭 "???uot; ??. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????ଠ????????????????????? ?????????讼/p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="360" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" align="right"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <img src="images/ef12_01.gif" alt="?᮱2.1" WIDTH="354" HEIGHT="181"><br>?ᮠ12.1 ??ࠍ <img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20">-???͊ ??????????? <sup>163</sup>Dy. ???ፊ ?????? ?????? ???㼯td> </tr> </table> <p> ????????? ???半????? 1992 ??. ?? ?? img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20"><sup>-</sup>-???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????H. Jung et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 #15, 1992, p.2164]. ?? <sup>163</sup>Dy ? N-Z ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?????⬠??? ???? ????? ??쮠????????? ??? ?????? ??ଠ?? <sup>163</sup>Dy ????????? ????堨5/2<sup>+</sup>) ??????? ⍊????? e-????????? ????7/2<sup>+</sup>) ?? <sup>163</sup>Ho. ?? <sup>163</sup>Ho, ????? ??????????, <img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20">-?????? ?? ??? ?????͊????? ~10<sup>4</sup> ?⮠??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ????荊?????????讠?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???. ??? ???? ??????࠼sup>163</sup>Dy ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? <sup>163</sup>Ho ?????? ??????? ???࠼sup>163</sup>Dy (?ᮦnbsp;12.1)</p> <table CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p align="center"><img SRC="images/i12_01.gif" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="28">.</td> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="MIDDLE"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">(12.1)</td> </tr> </table> <p>?????? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ʠ??-???? ?? <img SRC="images/i12_02.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">. ????? ??? (12.1) ??????? ??</p> <p align="center"><img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"><img src="../simages/arrow.gif" alt="------>" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="17"><img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">+ <img src="../simages/aneutrino.gif" alt="aneutrino" WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="14"> + e<sup>-</sup>(????? ????詼/p> <p>???蠼img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20">-???? ? K ?-???? ?????????50.3<u>+</u>1) ? 蠨1.7<u>+</u>1) ?® ?????????? ? ????????? K- ?-???? ⍊??????????SR ?SI ?? ????0<sup>8</sup> ?????????????࠼img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">. ??????? ????? ⍊????? <img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20"><sup>+</sup>-???͊??????? ?? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> (?ᮦnbsp;12.2).</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="330" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" align="right"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <img src="images/ef12_02.gif" alt="?᮱2.2" WIDTH="324" HEIGHT="350"><br>?ᮠ12.2. ???? ????? ??⺠࠭ ?ꍊ ?????? ??????????SR ???y<sup>66+</sup> ? ??????????????ଠb - ????????? Dy<sup>66+</sup> ?o<sup>67+</sup>, ????? ???? ????? ?????-????????????? ???????</td> </tr> </table> <p> ??? ?? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> ???????? ? ? ?????/q, ?? ?? ????? ??࠼img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">, ?荊?????????? ?? ? ???. ??????? ????? ~ 30 ?��??? ??????????????? ?? <img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">, ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?????? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">. ????? ?????? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> ???㍊???????????? ?????? ????? 6?10<sup>12</sup> ??/?<sup>2</sup>, ????젳 ?, ?????????????? ????? ????????????. ? ?? ??, ???렼img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> ??????????, ?????? ????????뮠?????? ????? ??????????00 ᮠ?????????? ??????? ???半????? ????????렼img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> ??? ??????? (??半????? ??????) ????????? ?? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">. ????????썊????? ???? ? 10 ? 85 ?�� ??????? ??????? Ho<sup>66+</sup> ?????? ? ?쬠??o<sup>66+</sup> ???? ?????????쮠???? ? ????썊??? ???????????? ??????????? ??ﮠ??????????????????? ??࠼sup>163</sup>Ho<sup>66+</sup> ? ????? ?????? <sup>163</sup>Ho<sup>67+</sup>. ??? ?????????????????-??????? ????, ???썊???????? ????? ? ????렼sup>163</sup>Ho<sup>67+</sup>. ? ?ᮦnbsp;12.3 ???? ???????? ?????? ?????堼img SRC="../simages/beta.gif" alt="??" align="texttop" width="10" height="20">-?????࠼sup>163</sup>Ho ? ????????ﮠ? ??????????????? ????? ?????-????????????. <br> ??????, ????? ??? <sup>163</sup>Dy ?? <sup>163</sup>Ho ???? ???????썊????????? </p> <p align="center"><img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"><img src="../simages/arrow.gif" alt="------>" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="17"><img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">+ <img src="../simages/aneutrino.gif" alt="aneutrino" WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="14"> + e<sup>-</sup>(????? ????詼/p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="340" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" align="right"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <img src="images/ef12_03.gif" alt="?᮱2.3" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="333"><br>?ᮠ12.3. ??????????? <sup>163</sup>Ho<sup>66+</sup> ????? <sup>163</sup>Dy<sup>66+</sup> ?????? ? ????????ﮠ? ??? ?꠼sup>163</sup>Ho<sup>67+</sup>, ????????? ????? ?????</td> </tr> </table> <p> ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21"> ?????????? ??썊?????? ??? ?????? <img SRC="images/i12_04.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">, ?????????䍊?????????? ??????????? <img SRC="images/i12_03.gif" align="texttop" WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="21">. ?????? ??? ~0.1 ??.<br> ????????? ??? ?덊????? ?sup>187</sup>Re<sup>75+</sup>. ?????半??? ???? ?????讠?? ??, ????????? <sup>187</sup>Re ?????䍊?????࠴?10<sup>10</sup> ?⍊???????? ????????뮠??? ?????࠼sup>187</sup>Re<sup>75+</sup> ????? ??3<u>+</u>2 ??. ???? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????, ?. ???? <sup>187</sup>Re ?? ??????? ????????????.<br> ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????半?????? ?????? ?????଍ ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????讼/p> <p> </p> <h4 ALIGN="CENTER"><em>????? ???????켯em><b></h4> </b> <p> ????????img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-??? ??????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ? ?? <sup>4</sup>He? ????????? ? ?? ??? ??? ⠱984 ??. ????????? ? ???????? ???? ???荊[H.J. Rose,G.A. Jones Nature 1984, vol 307 245-247] ?CCP [Į® ?????? ?. ??? ??Ԡ1984 ⮴0 152-154] ?????? ?????????䠼sup>223</sup>Ra ፊ?????࠼sup>14</sup>C. </p> <sup> <p ALIGN="CENTER">223</sup>Ra<img src="../simages/arrow.gif" alt="------>" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="17"><sup>14</sup>C + <sup>209</sup>Pb + Q(31.85 ?©.</p> <p> ? ???????????, ?????????????࠼sup>14</sup>C ???࠱0 ???? ??? ??????? ????? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???. ?? <sup>14</sup>C ???????젼img src="../simages/delta.gif" alt="???" WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13">E-E ????? ?????????????⬠????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????頼img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-??? 荊???????? ?? <sup>14</sup>C ? ? ??? 荊??宠??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? <sup>14</sup>C ?????? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???࠼img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>Ѽ/sub>/<img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>a</sub> = (8.5 <u>+</u> 2.5)<font SIZE="2">?10<sup>-10</sup> 蠼/font> <img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>Ѽ/sub>/<img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>a</sub> = (7.6 <u>+</u> 3.0)<font SIZE="2">?10<sup>-10</sup>.<br> </font> ???? ????, ???鍊??? ?????????????????, ???? ??????? ??. ???? ???荊????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ꍊ????? ????????????????? ????? ????????????????????஠????? ????࠼sup>14</sup>C ????????? ?? ??? ?? <sup>221</sup>Fr,<sup> 221</sup>Ra, <sup>222</sup>Ra. ??????? ???? ??報0 ????, ????? ????? ????? ???????쮠??? ፊ???????࠼sup>14</sup>C ??????????半?? <sup>24</sup>Ne, <sup>28</sup>Mg, <sup>32</sup>Si. <br> ??. 12.1 ???? ???????? ????? ???????讠????? ???? ??, ?????????묠??????????????????? ?????荊????? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???렍 <img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda1.gif (56 bytes)" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>Ѽ/sub>/<img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda1.gif (56 bytes)" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>a</sub>, ???덊????????????????????஍ ? ???????????, ?????? ??????????????????? ??????????img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-????????? ????? ~10<sup>-10</sup>-10<sup>-13</sup>. ??? ????? ???嬠????, ???半????? ???? <sup>28,30</sup>Mg ???? ???? ? 10<sup>-17</sup>.</p> <p ALIGN="right">???࠱2.1. ????????半????? ? ????????????㍊???㼯p> <small> <table BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="7" WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">???? ??</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">?????????</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">???????, Q, ?¼/td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER"><img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda1.gif (56 bytes)" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>Ѽ/sub>/<img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda1.gif (56 bytes)" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"><sub>a</sub><br> (?????????? ????? ???? ꍊ ?????????????-???멼/td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">T<sub>1/2</sub>, ??<br> (??? ???????????????? ????)</td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>221</sup>Fr</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">31.28</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 5?10<sup>-14</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">>2?10<sup>8</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>221</sup>Ra</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">32.39</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 1.2?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">>7.4?10<sup>6</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>222</sup>Ra</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">33.05</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(3.7<u>+</u>0.6)?10<sup>-10</sup><br> (3.1<u>+</u>1.0)?10<sup>-10</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>223</sup>Ra</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">31.85</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(8.5<u>+</u>2.5)?10<sup>-10<br> </sup>(7.6<u>+</u>3.0)?10<sup>-10<br> </sup>(5.5<u>+</u>2.0)?10<sup>-10<br> </sup>(4.7<u>+</u>1.3)?10<sup>-10<br> </sup>(6.1<u>+</u>1.0)?10<sup>-10</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>224</sup>Ra</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">30.54</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(4.3<u>+</u>1.2)?10<sup>-11</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">(2.3<u>+</u>0.6)?10<sup>8</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>226</sup>Ra</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">28.21</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(3.2<u>+</u>1.6)?10<sup>-11<br> </sup>(2.9<u>+</u>1.0)?10<sup>-11</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>225</sup>Ac</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>14</sup>C</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">30,47</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 4?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 7?10<sup>10</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>231</sup>Pa</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>23</sup>F</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">51,84</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 4?10<sup>-14</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 8?10<sup>17</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>230Th</sup></td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">57.78</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(5.6<u>+</u>1.0)?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">(1.3<u>+</u>0.3)?10<sup>17</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>232</sup>Th</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>26</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">55.97</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 5?10<sup>-11</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">>3?10<sup>20</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>231</sup>Pa</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">60.42</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(3.8<u>+</u>0.7)? 10<sup>-12</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">(8.6<u>+</u>1.6)?10<sup>15</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>232</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">62.31</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(2.0<u>+</u>0.5)?10<sup>-12</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">(3.4<u>+</u>0.8)?10<sup>13</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>233</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne<br> <sup>25</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">60.50<br> 60.85</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(7.5<u>+</u>2.5)? 10<sup>-13<br> </sup>(5.3<u>+</u>2.3)?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>234</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne<br> <sup>26</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">58.84<br> 59.47</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(4.4<u>+</u>0.5)?10<sup>-13<br> </sup>(3.9<u>+</u>1.0)?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>235</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne<br> <sup>25</sup>Ne<br> <sup>26</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">57.36<br> 57.83<br> 58.11</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">< 5?10<sup>-12</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">> 1.4?10<sup>20</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>236</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>24</sup>Ne<br> <sup>26</sup>Ne</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">55.96<br> 56.75</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">< 4?10<sup>-12</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">>6?10<sup>18</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>234</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>28</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">74.13</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">(1.4<u>+</u>0.2)?10<sup>-13<br> </sup>(2.3<u>+</u>0.7)?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>235</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>28</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">72.20</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 8?10-<sup>13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 9?10<sup>20</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>236</sup>U</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>30</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">72.51</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 4?10<sup>-12</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 6?10<sup>18</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>237</sup>Np</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>30</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">75.02</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><4?10<sup>-14</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 5?10<sup>19</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>236</sup>Pu</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>28</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">79.67</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">~2?10<sup>-14</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">~1.5?10<sup>14</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>238</sup>Pu</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>28</sup>Mg<br> <sup>30</sup>Mg</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">75.93<br> 77.03</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><img SRC="images/i12_05.gif" WIDTH="101" HEIGHT="37"></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">~1.5?10<sup>18</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"> </td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE"><sup>32</sup>Si</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">91.21</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><img SRC="images/i12_06.gif" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="37"></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">~6.5?10<sup>17</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>240</sup>Pu</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>34</sup>Si</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">90.95</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 1.3?10<sup>-13</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">>5.10<sup>16</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>241</sup>Am</td> <td WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP"><sup>34</sup>Si</td> <td WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">93.84</td> <td WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP">< 5?10<sup>-15<br> </sup>< 3?10<sup>-12<br> </sup>< 4.2?10<sup>-13<br> </sup>< 7.4?10<sup>-16</sup></td> <td WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">> 9?10<sup>16</sup><br> > 1.4?10<sup>14</sup><br> > 1.0?10<sup>15<br> </sup>> 5.8?10<sup>17</sup></td> </tr> </table> </small> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="240" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" align="right"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <img src="images/ef12_04.gif" alt="?᮱2.4" WIDTH="230" HEIGHT="392"><br>?ᮦnbsp;12.4. ?????????????? ⍊ ??? ????????? (??詠?????? ???????) ?????? ? ????͊ ?????<sup>2</sup>/A</td> </tr> </table> <p> ?????? ????????鍊????????????? ???? ????? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???? 荊??? ??????? ????.<br> ????? ??????????⍊????????? ?? ?????? ???͊? ?? ????. ??????? ???? ?? ???嬠????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????젭 ????쮠???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????. ????? ?????????????????半???????????. ???????? ??????? ????????쮠? ?ᮦnbsp;12.4 ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????<sup>2</sup>/A ??????????⮠????? ??????? ?????????, ?ꍊ???????????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????썊?????????. <br> ???????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????. <ol> <li>???ᠼimg src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???͊ ???????????鮼/li> <li>????? ???????࠼img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???? ??-???????? ?ꍊ ????????? ???? ?荊 ?????????????.</li> <li> ????? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???͊ ? ????? ????????? ???? ??.</li> </ol> <p> ??????????? ???͊????? ??? ???? ??? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???ଠ?????? î ???쮠 ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? <img src="../simages/nu.gif" alt="nu" WIDTH="7" HEIGHT="7"> ??????? ???????? ????. ?????썊??????? ???????????? ?????? ????躠?????? ?????? ???? ??????嬠???? ??????????????? ??, ?????? ???????????? ?????????஠Ү宠??? ?????썊????? ??? ??????<sub>1/2</sub> ?????? ?????? </p> <table CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER"><img src="../simages/lambda.gif" alt="lambda1.gif (56 bytes)" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11"> = <img src="../simages/nu.gif" alt="nu" WIDTH="7" HEIGHT="7">FP = ln2/T<sub>1/2</sub>,</td> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">(12.2)</td> </tr> </table> <p>?堼img src="../simages/nu.gif" alt="nu" WIDTH="7" HEIGHT="7"> - ????????? ???? ? ?????ଠF - ??? ?????? ????, P - ??????????. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="370" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" align="right"> <tr> <td width="100%"> <img src="images/ef12_05.gif" alt="?᮱2.5" WIDTH="361" HEIGHT="271"><br>?ᮦnbsp;12.5. ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???༯td> </tr> </table> <p> ? ?ᮦnbsp;12.5 ???? ?????썊?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ???஠?????? ???半?????????? ?????? ??? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-???஠????? ?? ????????????? ?? <img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH=" HEIGHT="7" 8">-?????? ?????????????????. <br> ???? ????⠼img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???? ????????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????堼img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-????? ??半???? ???? ?????஠?????半?????????⬠?????????䍊??? ????????????img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???㮠??????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????????半?????? ???????? E<sub>?��sub>, ????? ? ???????????????????? ?????? </p> <table CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">E<sub>?��sub> = Q(F<sub>t</sub>/F<sub>i</sub>),</td> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">(12.3)</td> </tr> </table> <p>?? ? ????????? ???ଠF<sub>i</sub> ? ??????? ??, F<sub>t</sub> ? ????͊????. Ү宠???? ????? ???????? ???? ????讠????半????? ? ?????12.3) ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ? ????࠼img src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????⮠??????, ???? ? ??? ᠼimg src="../simages/alpha.gif" alt="??ࢠWIDTH="8" HEIGHT="7">-???? ???獊???????⠨?? ? ????) ???? ???????. ??? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ? ????<img src="../simages/arrow.gif" alt="------>" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="17">A<sub>1</sub> + A<sub>2</sub>.</p> <table CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="CENTER">Q = [M(A) - M(A<sub>1</sub>) - M(A<sub>2</sub>)]c<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><p ALIGN="RIGHT">(12.4)</td> </tr> </table> <p>Ү宠???? Q ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? A<sub>1</sub>?<sub>2</sub>. ??? ????????? A<sub>1</sub> ?<sub>2</sub> ????????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ????. ????????? ?????? ????? ????묠??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? = 8, 14, 20. ?????? ??? ?ᮦnbsp;12.6, ? ????????????? ??????? Q ? ????????????͊?????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ????࠼sup>208</sup>Pb. </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="470" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td width="100%"><img src="images/ef12_06.gif" alt="?᮱2.6" WIDTH="466" HEIGHT="433"><br> ?ᮦnbsp;12.6. ????????? ???? ? ??덊 ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ????࠼sup>208</sup>Pb</td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p>? ?ᮦnbsp;12.7 ???? ?????????덊???????????-Z ????宠? ???͊???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????. </p> <div align="center"><center> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="470" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td width="100%"><img src="images/ef12_07.gif" alt="?᮱2.7" WIDTH="467" HEIGHT="359"><br> ?ᮦnbsp;12.7. ?????????????? ????? ??????????</td> </tr> </table> </center></div> <p> ????? ??? ?????? A<sub>1</sub> = 208 (Z<sub>1</sub> = 82, N<sub>1</sub> = 126) ?<sub>2</sub> = 14, 24, 28, 34 (N<sub>2</sub> = 8, 14, 20). ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ????????? ????????????⍊????????????????? ????? ????̮ ???, ͮ ?????. ?? 1990 Ү 20 ? ?࠱405], [® ???? ?. ?? ⮱1, ?﮶, ?ற405], ??? [ޮѮ ???�� ®ˮ ???, ѮϮ ?????, ®Ȯ ???, Ѯî ?????, ޮ̮ ?????. ?? 1990 Ү 21, ?﮲, ?ழ67] ???? ????ޮ̮ ?????. ????? ???????쬠?䮠??.?-?. 1997, 166?.</p> <p align="center"><a href="ind.html"><img src="../react/images/sod.gif" alt="[?????]" border="0" WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="e13.html"><img src="../introduction/images/next.gif" alt="[?????]" border="0" WIDTH="130" HEIGHT="25"></a></p>  <p align="left"><a target="_blank" href="../index.html"><img src="../images/home.gif" alt="На головную страницу" border="0" align="right" width="22" height="28"></a></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </article><script type="text/javascript"> var _tmr = window._tmr || (window._tmr = []); _tmr.push({id: "3493895", type: "pageView", start: (new Date()).getTime()}); (function (d, w, id) { if (d.getElementById(id)) return; var ts = d.createElement("script"); ts.type = "text/javascript"; ts.async = true; ts.id = id; ts.src = "https://top-fwz1.mail.ru/js/code.js"; var f = function () {var s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ts, s);}; if (w.opera == "[object Opera]") { d.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", f, false); } else { f(); } })(document, window, "tmr-code"); </script><noscript><div><img src="https://top-fwz1.mail.ru/counter?id=3493895;js=na" style="position:absolute;left:-9999px;" alt="Top.Mail.Ru" /></div></noscript>  <a href="https://top-fwz1.mail.ru/jump?from=3493895"><img src="https://top-fwz1.mail.ru/counter?id=3493895;t=309;l=1" height="15" width="88" alt="Top.Mail.Ru" style="border:0;" /></a> </body> </html>